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An experimental study on plunging depth of density currents

Hassan GOLEIJ, Amir Hamzeh HAGHIABI, Abbas PARSAIE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 388-395 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0417-7

摘要： Mass density of the current flows is the one of the important problem in the hydraulics of the dam reservoir. Plunge point occurs when the mass density current penetrates in the stagnant fluid. Recognition the place of this point is very important because of clearing the boundary of the density current flow and ambient fluid. In this study the influences of bed slope and hydraulic parameters on plunging depth were experimentally investigated. The results show that the slope has a minor effect on the plunging depth. The height of plunging depth is increased by increasing the density of the current flow. Also increasing the densimetric Froude number caused of decreasing the plunging depth. Finally an equation was proposed to estimate the plunging depth using as function of flow characteristics.

关键词： dense current plunge point Densimetric Froude Number dam reservoirs

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Long-term dam safety monitoring of Punt dal Gall arch dam in Switzerland

M. WIELAND, G.F. KIRCHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0144-z

摘要： The 130 m high Punt dal Gall dam is located at the Swiss-Italian border in the South-eastern part of Switzerland and was completed in 1969. The dam is founded on highly folded and partially crushed dolomite and limestone formations. A grout curtain with an area of 120,000 m was provided for controlling seepage. For the monitoring of the dam deformations five inverted pendulums were installed in the dam and three in the rock foundation of the right abutment outside of the dam. For a seasonal water level fluctuation in the reservoir of about 60 m the maximum amplitude of the radial displacement is 25 mm, which includes both the effects of the water load and temperature effects. Furthermore a comprehensive geodetic network was established, 57 joint meters were installed and cracks in the crest gallery are monitored by crack meters. There are also thermometers, piezometers and rocmeters. Springs at the left and right banks of the dam are monitored and chemical analyses of the seepage water and springs are performed regularly. The dam is equipped with strong motion instruments and several near-field earthquakes have been recorded in the past. The paper describes the long-term safety monitoring of this 42 years old arch dam. A short description of the Swiss practice in dam safety monitoring and emergency planning is also given.

关键词： dam safety concept arch dam dam instrumentation dam safety monitoring

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A numerical study of non-Darcy flow in EGS heat reservoirs during heat extraction

Wenjiong CAO, Wenbo HUANG, Guoling WEI, Yunlong JIN, Fangming JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 439-449 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0612-4

摘要： Underground non-Darcy fluid flow has been observed and investigated for decades in the petroleum industry. It is deduced by analogy that the fluid flow in enhanced geothermal system (EGS) heat reservoirs may also be in the non-Darcy regime under some conditions. In this paper, a transient 3D model was presented, taking into consideration the non-Darcy fluid flow in EGS heat reservoirs, to simulate the EGS long-term heat extraction process. Then, the non-Darcy flow behavior in water- and supercritical CO (SCCO )-based EGSs was simulated and discussed. It is found that non-Darcy effects decrease the mass flow rate of the fluid injected and reduce the heat extraction rate of EGS as a flow resistance in addition to the Darcy resistance which is imposed to the seepage flow in EGS heat reservoirs. Compared with the water-EGS, the SCCO -EGS are more prone to experiencing much stronger non-Darcy flow due to the much larger mobility of the SCCO . The non-Darcy flow in SCCO - EGSs may thus greatly reduce their heat extraction performance. Further, a criterion was analyzed and proposed to judge the onset of the non-Darcy flow in EGS heat reservoirs. The fluid flow rate and the initial thermal state of the reservoir were taken and the characteristic Forchheimer number of an EGS was calculated. If the calculated Forchheimer number is larger than 0.2, the fluid flow in EGS heat reservoirs experiences non-negligible non-Darcy flow characteristic.

关键词： enhanced geothermal system non-Darcy flow heat extraction Reynolds number Forchheimer number

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我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 84-89

摘要：

介绍了我国大坝建设的发展和特点，概括了高坝建设中的地质勘探、坝工技术、泄洪消能、坝基处理和髙边坡处理等方面的科技成果和应用水平，展望了我国高坝发展前景并指出今后高坝科技攻关重点。

关键词：水力发电高坝重力坝拱坝碾压混凝土坝面板堆石坝

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Features of seismic hazard in large dam projects and strong motion monitoring of large dams

Martin WIELAND,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 56-64 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0005-6

摘要： Earthquakes can affect large dam projects in many different ways. Usually, design engineers are focussing on ground shaking and neglect the other aspects. The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake has damaged 1803 dams and reservoirs, and 403 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 3.3GW. Among these dams were the 132-m-high Shapai RCC arch dam and the 156-m-high Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam. These recently completed dams are dam types which, up to now, have not experienced strong ground shaking. The widespread mass movements have caused substantial damage to dams and surface powerhouses in Sichuan. The different features of earthquake hazard are presented, i.e., ground shaking, faulting and mass movements. It is proposed to prepare project-specific safety plans for all dams, which consist of a matrix where the possible hazards and the corresponding countermeasures are listed. The earthquake behaviors of the Sefid Rud, Zipingpu and Shapai dams, which, in the past, have experienced strong ground shaking from nearby earthquakes, are discussed. Finally, the need for strong motion instrumentation of large dams is discussed. It is proposed that major dams with large damage potential, dams located in areas of high seismicity, and dams showing signs of abnormal behavior be equipped with strong motion instruments.

关键词： seismic hazard arch dam concrete face rockfill dam strong motion instrumentation reservoir-triggered seismicity Wenchuan earthquake

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非均质储层CO₂泡沫调驱注入参数优化实验研究

赵金省,谭俊领,古正富,刘笑春

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第11期页码 88-93

摘要：

针对华庆长6储层地层水的特点，以综合起泡能力为评价指标，对常用的6种起泡剂进行了优选，优选出ZY-1型起泡剂，起泡剂浓度为0.5 %，稳泡剂浓度为764 mg/L。在此基础上，采用渗透率级差接近的两组并联岩心，进行了注入方式和注入段塞组合的优化实验。结果表明，地下起泡方式，即CO2和起泡剂交替注入的方式可以在高渗透层中形成较高的封堵压差，具有较好的驱油效果。最优的段塞组合是0.2倍孔隙体积的起泡剂+0.4倍孔隙体积的CO2气体，总注入段塞是0.6倍孔隙体积。

关键词：非均质储层 CO₂泡沫调驱注入参数实验研究

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Key problems and solutions in arch dam heightening

Zuoguang FU, Yunlong HE, Sheng SU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 98-104 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0004-7

摘要： The dam heightening, which is an effective way to increase reservoir volume, has been paid close attention by engineers. Three problems should be dealt with when an arch dam needs to be heightened: stress state getting worse at dam heel, cracking on new added concrete dam surface, and weak bonding between new added concrete and old dam. Taking Geba arch dam as an example, these problems are examined in details through simulation analysis by the finite element method. The tensile stresses on dam’s surface and joint face that have certain relations to the dam heightening can be controlled by some measures.

关键词： arch dam heighten tensile stress finite element method

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Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 63-70 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0016-3

摘要： This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up- and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height. Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction. During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials. This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder. Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up- and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation. Apart from this situation, the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

关键词： embankment dam bituminous concrete membrane rock-fill material properties deformation behavior

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Evaluation method of dam behavior during construction and reservoir filling and application to real dams

Yuji KOHGO, Akira TAKAHASHI, Tomokazu SUZUKI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 92-101 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0009-2

摘要： In this paper we analyzed a real fill-type dam, named the Minami-Aiki Dam, to verify a numerical consolidation method with an elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils. The validities were conducted by comparing the analyzed and measured values during construction and impounding. The settlements calculated showed good agreement to those observed. Though the changing patterns of the measured and calculated pore water pressures were similar, the amounts of pore water pressures induced by the self-weights of embankment and the dissipation speeds were different. The earth pressures measured at the bottom of the core zone showed good agreement with those calculated. This method is valid for estimating behavior of fill-type dams during construction and impounding.

关键词： fill dam consolidation analysis unsaturated geo-materials impounding construction

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Analysis of arch dam deformations

Franz PERNER, Pius OBERNHUBER,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 102-108 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0012-7

摘要： Predicting “regular” dam deformations for prevailing conditions and comparing them with observed deformations is an essential part of dam surveillance. In many cases prediction and comparison are carried out automatically and an alarm is triggered in the case of larger deviations.The main contributors to the deformations of arch dams are water loading and the fluctuation of concrete temperature. In general, the deformations exhibit an instantaneous elastic part, a time dependent reversible part and an irreversible part. Prediction of dam deformations can be based on deterministic models, purely statistical models or so-called hybrid models, which are a combination of the first two. Deterministic models rely on static analyses, statistical models on the statistical analysis of previous deformation data.For annual reservoirs, both water loading and temperature vary in cycles over a period of one year and it is extremely difficult to identify the various factors contributing to an observed deformation. This is particularly true for time-dependent reversible displacements due to the water loading and the portion caused by temperature variation.The present article deals with the analysis of arch dam deformations based on hybrid models. Particular attention is given to the analysis of the deformations due to temperature fluctuation and to the long-term deformations. The proposed procedure is employed for the analysis of the deformations of the 186 m high Zillergruendl arch dam.

关键词： arch dam analysis Zillergruendl concrete temperature hybrid model

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胶结颗粒料坝——环境友好的新坝型

贾金生, Michel Lino, 金峰, 郑璀莹

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第4期页码 490-497 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.003

摘要：

笔者于2009年提出了胶结颗粒料坝的概念，目的在于修建更安全、更经济的环境友好的大坝。该坝型包括胶结砂砾石坝(曾用名胶凝砂砾石坝)、堆石混凝土坝(或胶结堆石坝)和胶结土坝。本文基于研究和实践，进一步阐述了胶结颗粒料坝的概念和原则，介绍了胶结砂砾石坝、堆石混凝土坝和胶结土坝的新进展。

关键词：胶结颗粒料坝胶结砂砾石坝堆石混凝土坝胶结堆石坝胶结土坝材料特性

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低渗透油田层内爆炸增产技术研究进展

李德聪,陈力,林英松,丁雁生

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第9期页码 52-57

摘要：

系统介绍了层内爆炸增产技术的技术思路、应用前景以及实现该技术所涉及到的一系列关键性技术问题；详细介绍了近年来针对此项技术所开展的一系列研究工作，报告了取得的一些研究成果，并对今后的主要研究工作做了展望。

关键词：低渗透油田爆炸力学层内爆炸安全性模拟试验力学模型

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Hongshiyan Landslide Dam Danger Removal and Coordinated Management

Ning Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 308-317 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014041

摘要： This paper takes an overview of the Hongshiyan landslide dam triggered by an earthquake near Ludian County in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, introduces how the danger removal plan is drafted and implemented, and analyzes the outcome of its implementation. The paper then explains the significance and effect of coordinated management in the event of natural disasters and other public safety emergencies, and discusses ways to improve coordinated management.

关键词： the Zhaotong Ludian earthquake danger removal of the landslide dam coordinated management

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混凝土大坝加高施工关键技术研究

周厚贵

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第7期页码 87-92

摘要：

以国内外混凝土坝加高工程施工实践为基础，系统总结混凝土重力坝后帮整体式加高施工中的4项关键技术，即混凝土原材料及配合比、新老混凝土结合、原有结构体的控制拆除与转移、施工期资源的时间与空间调配。针对其中的每一项关键技术，分析了施工技术难点与特点、施工技术要求，并总结了技术措施和解决策略，以期为同类型工程建设提供参考与借鉴。

关键词：施工技术坝体加高混凝土坝水利水电工程

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Challenges of high dam construction to computational mechanics

ZHANG Chuhan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 12-33 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0002-6

摘要： The current situations and growing prospects of China s hydro-power development and high dam construction are reviewed, giving emphasis to key issues for safety evaluation of large dams and hydro-power plants, especially those associated with application of state-of-the-art computational mechanics. These include but are not limited to: stress and stability analysis of dam foundations under external loads; earthquake behavior of dam-foundation-reservoir systems, mechanical properties of mass concrete for dams, high velocity flow and energy dissipation for high dams, scientific and technical problems of hydro-power plants and underground structures, and newly developed types of dam-Roll Com pacted Concrete (RCC) dams and Concrete Face Rock-fill (CFR) dams. Some examples demonstrating successful utilizations of computational mechanics in high dam engineering are given, including seismic nonlinear analysis for arch dam foundations, nonlinear fracture analysis of arch dams under reservoir loads, and failure analysis of arch dam-foundations. To make more use of the computational mechanics in high dam engineering, it is pointed out that much research including different computational methods, numerical models and solution schemes, and verifications through experimental tests and filed measurements is necessary in the future.

关键词： reservoir engineering hydro-power development state-of-the-art computational earthquake